References
Abadie, Alberto. 2005. “Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences
Estimators.” Review of Economic Studies 72: 1–19.
Abadie, Alberto, Susan Athey, Guido W. Imbens, and Jeffrey M.
Wooldridge. 2020. “Sampling-Based Versus Design-Based Uncertainty
in Regression Analysis.” Econometrica 88 (0): 265–96.
Abadie, Alberto, Alexis Diamond, and Jens Hainmueller. 2010.
“Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies:
Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program.”
Journal of the American Statistical Association 105 (490):
493–505.
———. 2015. “Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control
Method.” American Journal of Political Science 59 (2):
495–510.
Abadie, Alberto, and Javier Gardeazabal. 2003. “The Economic Costs
of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country.” American
Economic Review 93 (1): 113–32.
Abadie, Alberto, and Guido W. Imbens. 2006. “Large Sample
Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects.”
Econometrica 74 (1): 235–67.
———. 2008. “On the Failure of the Bootstrap for Matching
Estimators.” Econometrica 76 (6): 1537–57.
———. 2011. “Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average
Treatment Effects.” Journal of Business and Economic
Statistics 29: 1–11.
Adudumilli, Karun. 2018. “Bootstrap Inference for Propensity Score
Matching.”
Almond, Douglas, Joseph J. Doyle, Amanda Kowalski, and Heidi Williams.
2010. “Estimating Returns to Medical Care: Evidence from at-Risk
Newborns.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 (2):
591–634.
Andrews, Isaiah, James Stock, and Liyang Sun. 2019. “Weak
Instruments in IV Regression: Theory and Practice.” Annual
Review of Economics 11.
Angrist, Joshua D. 1990. “Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era
Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative
Records.” American Economic Review 80 (3): 313–36.
———. 1991. “Grouped-Data Estimation and Testing in Simple
Labor-Supply Models.” Journal of Econometrics 47 (2-3):
243–66.
Angrist, Joshua D., and William Evans. 1999. “Research in Labor
Economics.” In, 18:75–113. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Angrist, Joshua D., and William N. Evans. 1998. “Children and
Their Parents’ Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family
Size.” American Economic Review 88 (3): 450–77.
Angrist, Joshua D., Kathryn Graddy, and Guido W. Imbens. 2000.
“The Interpretation of Instrumental Variables Estimators in
Simultaneous Equations Models with an Application to the Demand for
Fish.” The Review of Economic Studies 67 (3): 499–527.
Angrist, Joshua D., Guido W. Imbens, and Alan B. Krueger. 1999.
“Jacknnife Instrumental Variables Estimation.” Journal
of Applied Econometrics 14: 57–67.
Angrist, Joshua D., Guido W. Imbens, and Donald B. Rubin. 1996.
“Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental
Variables.” Journal of the American Statistical
Association 87: 328–36.
Angrist, Joshua D., and Alan B. Krueger. 1991. “Does Compulsory
School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?” Quarterly
Journal of Economics 106 (4): 979–1014.
———. 2001. “Instrumental Variables and the Search for
Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments.”
Journal of Economic Perspectives 15 (4): 69–85.
Angrist, Joshua D., and Victor Lavy. 1999. “Using Maimonides’ Rule
to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement.”
Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (2): 533–75.
Angrist, Joshua D., and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. 2009. Mostly Harmless
Econometrics. 1st ed. Princeton University Press.
Arkhangelsky, Dmitry, Susan Athey, David A. Hirshberg, Guido W. Imbens,
and Stefan Wager. 2021. “Synthetic
Difference-in-Differences.” American Economic Review 111
(12): 4088–118.
Arkhangelsky, Dmitry, and Guido W. Imbens. 2024. “Causal Models
for Longitudinal and Panel Data: A Survey.” The Econometrics
Journal 27 (3): C1–61.
Ashenfelter, Orley. 1974. “The Effect of Manpower Training on
Earnings: Preliminary Results.” Proceedings of the 27th
Annual Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association.
———. 1997. “The Collected Essays of Orley Ashenfelter. Volume
2.” In. Cheltenham, UK; Lyme, NH: Elgar.
Ashenfelter, Orley C., and Alan B. Krueger. 1994. “Estimates of
the Economic Returns to Schooling from a Sample of Twins.”
American Economic Review 84 (5): 1157–73.
Ashenfelter, Orley, and David Card. 1985. “Using the Longitudinal
Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training
Programs.” Review of Economics and Statistics 67 (4):
648–60.
Athey, Susan, Mohsen Bayati, Nikolay Doudchenko, Guido W. Imbens, and
Khashayar Khosravi. 2021. “Matrix Completion Methods for Causal
Panel Data Models.” Journal of the American Statistical
Association 116 (536): 1716–30.
Athey, Susan, Damian Clarke, Guido W. Imbens, and Daniel Pailanir. 2024.
“On Synthetic Difference-in-Differences and Related Estimation
Methods in Stata.” Stata Journal 24 (4).
Athey, Susan, Dean Eckles, and Guido W. Imbens. 2018. “Exact
p-Values for Network Interference.” Journal of the American
Statistical Association 113 (521).
Athey, Susan, and Guide W. Imbens. 2017a. “The State of Applied
Econometrics: Causality and Policy Evaluation.” Journal of
Economic Perspectives 31 (2): 3–32.
Athey, Susan, and Guido W. Imbens. 2017b. “The Econometrics of
Randomized Experiments.” In, 1:73–140. Elsevier.
Auld, M. Christopher, and Paul Grootendorst. 2004. “An Empirical
Analysis of Milk Addiction.” Journal of Health Economics
23 (6): 1117–33.
Autor, David H. 2003. “Outsourcing at Will: The Contribution of
Unjust Dismissal Doctrine to the Growth of Employment
Outsourcing.” Journal of Labor Economics 21 (1): 1–42.
Baicker, Katherine, Sarah L. Taubman, Heidi L. Allen, Mira Bernstein,
Jonathan Gruber, Joseph Newhouse, Eric Schneider, Bill Wright, Alam
Zaslavsky, and Amy Finkelstein. 2013. “The Oregon Experiment –
Effects of Medicaid on Clinical Outcomes.” New England
Journal of Medicine 368 (May): 1713–22.
Baker, Andrew C., David F. Larcker, and Charles C. Y. Wang. 2022.
“How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-in-Differences
Estimates?” Journal of Financial Economics 144: 370–95.
Baker, Andrew, Brantly Callaway, Scott Cunningham, Andrew Goodman-Bacon,
and Pedro H. C. Sant’Anna. 2025. “Difference-in-Differences
Designs: A Practitioner’s Guide.” Journal of Economic
Literature forthcoming.
Barnow, Burt S., Glen G. Cain, and Arthur Goldberger. 1980.
“Issues in the Analysis of Selectivity Bias.”
Barreca, Alan I., Melanie Guldi, Jason M. Lindo, and Glen R. Waddell.
2011. “Saving Babies? Revisiting the Effect of Very Low Birth
Weight Classification.” Quarterly Journal of Economics
126 (4): 2117–23.
Barreca, Alan I., Jason M. Lindo, and Glen R. Waddell. 2016.
“Heaping-Induced Bias in Regression-Discontinuity Designs.”
Economic Inquiry 54 (1): 268–93.
Bartel, Ann P., Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher J. Ruhm, Jenna Stearns,
and Jane Waldfogel. 2018. “Paid Family Leave, Fathers’
Leave-Taking, and Leave-Sharing in Dual-Earner Households.”
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 37 (1): 10–37.
Bartik, Timothy J. 1991. Who Benefits from State and Local Economic
Development Policies? Kalamazoo, Michigan: W.E. Upjohn Institute
for Employment Research.
Becker, Gary. 1968. “Crime and Punishment: An Economic
Approach.” The Journal of Political Economy 76: 169–217.
———. 1994. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with
Special Reference to Education. 3rd ed. University of Chicago
Press.
Becker, Gary S. 1957. The Economics of Discrimination.
University of Chicago Press.
———. 1993. “The Economic Way of Looking at Life.”
Becker, Gary S., and Kevin M. Murphy. 1988. “A Theory of Rational
Addiction.” Journal of Political Economy 96 (4).
Bekker, Paul A. 1994. “Alternative Approximations to the
Distributions of Instrumental Variable Estimators.”
Econometrica 62 (3): 657–81.
Bellego, Christopher, David Benatia, and Vincent Dortet-Bernadet. 2024.
“The Chained Difference-in-Differences.” Journal of
Econometrics Forthcoming.
Ben-Michael, Eli, Avi Feller, and Jesse Rothstein. 2021. “The
Augmented Synthetic Control Method.” Journal of the American
Statistical Association 116 (536).
Bertrand, Marianne, Esther Duflo, and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004.
“How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences
Estimates?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (1):
249–75.
Black, Sandra E. 1999. “Do Better Schools Matter? Parental
Valuation of Elementary Education.” Quarterly Journal of
Economics 114 (2): 577–99.
Blake, Thomas, Chris Nosko, and Steven Tadelis. 2015. “Consumer
Heterogeneity and Paid Search Effectiveness: A Large-Scale Field
Experiment.” Econometrica 83 (1): 155–74.
Blanchard, Olivier Jean, and Lawrence F. Katz. 1992. “Regional
Evolutions.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1:
1–75.
Blinder, Alan S. 1973. “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and
Structural Estimates.” Jounal of Human Resources 8 (4):
436–55.
Bodory, Hugo, Lorenzo Camponovo, Martin Huber, and Michael Lechner.
2020. “The Finite Sample Performance of Inference Methods for
Propensity Score Matching and Weighting Estimators.” Journal
of Business and Economic Statistics 38 (1).
Borgschulte, Mark, and Jacob Vogler. 2020. “Did the ACA Medicaid
Expansion Save Lives?” Journal of Health Economics 72
(102333).
Borusyak, Kirill, Peter Hull, and Xavier Jaravel. 2022.
“Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs.”
Review of Economic Studies 89 (1): 181–213.
Borusyak, Kirill, and Xavier Jaravel. 2017. “Revisiting Event
Study Designs, with an Application to the Estimation of the Marginal
Propensity to Consume.”
Borusyak, Kirill, Xavier Jaravel, and Jann Spiess. 2024.
“Revisiting Event Study Designs: Robust and Efficient
Estimation.” Review of Economic Studies 91 (6): 3253–85.
Bottmer, Lea, Guido W. Imbens, Jann Spiess, and Merrill Warnick. 2024.
“A Design-Based Perspective on Synthetic Control Methods.”
Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 42 (2).
Bound, John, David A. Jaeger, and Regina M. Baker. 1995. “Problems
with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation Between the
Instruments and the Endogenous Explanatory Variable Is Weak.”
Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 (430).
Braghieri, Luca, Ro’ee Levy, and Alexey Makarin. 2022. “Social
Media and Mental Health.” American Economic Review 112
(11): 3660–93.
Brodeur, Abel, Nikolai Cook, and Anthony Heyes. 2020. “Methods
Matter: P-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in
Economics.” American Economic Review 110 (10): 3634–60.
Buchmueller, Thomas C., John DiNardo, and Robert G. Valletta. 2011.
“The Effect of an Employer Health Insurance Mandate on Health
Insurance Coverage and the Demand for Labor: Evidence from
Hawaii.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3
(4): 25–51.
Buhl-Wiggers, Julie, Jason Kerwin, Juan Munoz-Morales, Jeffrey Smith,
and Rebecca Thornton. 2024. “Some Children Left Behind: Variation
in the Effects of an Educational Intervention.” Journal of
Econometrics 243 (1-2).
Buse, Adolf. 1992. “The Bias of Instrumental Variables
Estimator.” Econometrica 60 (1): 173–80.
Busso, Matias, John DiNardo, and Justin McCrary. 2014. “New
Evidence on the Finite Sample Properties of Propensity Score Reweighting
and Matching Estimators.” Review of Economics and
Statistics 96 (5): 885–97.
Callaway, Brant, and Pedro H. C. Sant’Anna. 2021.
“Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods.”
Journal of Econometrics 225 (2): 200–230.
Calonico, Sebastian, Matias D. Cattaneo, Max H. Farrell, and Rocio
Titiunik. 2017. “Rdrobust: Software for Regrssion Discontinuity
Designs.” Stata Journal 17 (2): 372–404.
Calonico, Sebastian, Matis D. Cattaneo, and Rocio Titiunik. 2014.
“Robust Nonparametric Confidence Intervals for
Regression-Discontinuity Designs.” Econometrica 82 (6):
2295–2326.
Cameron, A. Colin, Jonah B. Gelbach, and Douglas L. Miller. 2008.
“Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered
Errors.” Review of Economics and Statistics 90 (3):
414–27.
Card, David. 1990. “The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami
Labor Market.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43
(2): 245–57.
———. 1995. “Aspects of Labour Economics: Essays in Honour of John
Vanderkamp.” In. University of Toronto Press.
———. 2021. “Design-Based Research in Empirical
Microeconomics.”
Card, David, Carlos Dobkin, and Nicole Maestas. 2008. “The Impact
of Nearly Universal Insurance Coverage on Health Care Utilization:
Evidence from Medicare.” American Economic Review 98
(5): 2242–58.
———. 2009. “Does Medicare Save Lives?” The Quarterly
Journal of Economics 124 (2): 597–636.
Card, David, and Henry S. Farber. 2005. “Introduction: Festschrift
Articles Honoring Orley Ashenfelter.” Industrial and Labor
Relations Review 58 (3).
Card, David, and Alan Krueger. 1994. “Minimum Wages and
Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and
Pennsylvania.” American Economic Review 84: 772–93.
Card, David, Davis D. Lee, and Thomas Lemieux. 2021.
“Introduction: Essays in Honor of John e. DiNardo.”
Journal of Labor Economics 39 (S2).
Card, David, and Giovanni Peri. 2016. “Immigration Economics: A
Review.”
Carpenter, Christopher, and Carlos Dobkin. 2009. “The Effect of
Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from
the Minimum Drinking Age.” American Economic Journal: Applied
Economics 1 (1): 164–82.
Cattaneo, Matias D., Richard K. Crump, Max H. Farrell, and Yingjie Feng.
2024. “On Binscatter.” American Economic Review
114 (5): 1488–1514.
Cattaneo, Matias D., Michael Jansson, and Xinwei Ma. 2019. “Simply
Local Polynomial Density Estimators.” Journal of the American
Statistical Association 00 (0): 1–7.
Chaisemartin, Clement de, and Xavier D’Haultfoueille. 2020.
“Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogenous Treatment
Effects.” American Economic Review 110 (9): 2964–96.
Chang, Neng-Chieh. 2020. “Double/Debiased Machine Learning for
Difference-in-Differences Models.” The Econometrics
Journal 23 (2): 177–91.
Cheng, Cheng, and Mark Hoekstra. 2013. “Does Strengthening
Self-Defense Law Deter Crime or Escalate Violence? Evidence from
Expansions to Castle Doctrine.” Journal of Human
Resources 48 (3): 821–54.
Chernozhukov, Victor, Christian Hansen, and Martin Spindler. 2015.
“Post-Selection and Post-Regularization Inference in Linear Models
with Many Controls and Instruments.” American Economic
Review: AEA Papers and Proceedings 105 (5): 486–90.
Choi, David. 2024. “New Estimands for Experiments with Strong
Interference.” Journal of the American Statistical
Association Accepted for publication: 1–10.
Christakis, Nicholas A., and James H. Fowler. 2007. “The Spread of
Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years.” New England
Journal of Medicine 357 (4): 370–79.
Cinelli, Carlos, Andrew Forney, and Judea Pearl. 2022. “A Crash
Course in Good and Bad Controls.” Sociological Methods and
Research 53 (3).
Cochran, William G. 1968. “The Effectiveness of Adjustment by
Subclassification in Removing Bias in Observational Studies.”
Biometrics 24 (2): 295–313.
Cohen-Cole, Ethan, and Jason Fletcher. 2008. “Deteching
Implausible Social Network Effects in Acne, Height, and Headaches:
Longtiudinal Analysis.” British Medical Journal 337
(a2533).
Coleman, Thomas S. 2019. “Causality in the Time of Cholera: John
Snow as a Prototype for Causal Inference.”
Cook, Thomas D. 2008. “‘Waiting for Life to Arrive’:
A History of the Regression-Discontinuity Design in Psychology,
Statistics and Economics.” Journal of Econometrics 142:
636–54.
Cornwell, Christopher, and Peter Rupert. 1997. “Unobservable
Individual Effects, Marriage and the Earnings of Young Men.”
Economic Inquiry 35 (2): 1–8.
Cornwell, Christopher, and William N. Trumbull. 1994. “Estimating
the Economic Model of Crime with Panel Data.” Review of
Economics and Statistics 76 (2): 360–66.
Crump, Richard K., V. Joseph Hotz, Guido W. Imbens, and Oscar A. Mitnik.
2009. “Dealing with Limited Overlap in Estimation of Average
Treatment Effects.” Biometrika 96 (1): 187–1999.
Cunningham, Jamein, and Andrew Goodman-Bacon. 2024. “Changes in
Family Structure and Welfare Participation Since the 1960s: The Role of
Legal Services.” American Economic Journal: Applied
Economics Forthcoming.
Cunningham, Scott, Gregory DeAngelo, and John Tripp. 2024. “Did
Craigslist’s Erotic Services Reduce Female Homicide and Rape?”
Journal of Human Resources 59 (5).
Cunningham, Scott, and Keith Finlay. 2012. “Parental Substance
Abuse and Foster Care: Evidence from Two Methamphetamine Supply
Shocks?” Economic Inquiry 51 (1): 764–82.
Cunningham, Scott, and Todd D. Kendall. 2011. “Prostitution 2.0:
The Changing Face of Sex Work.” Journal of Urban
Economics 69: 273–87.
———. 2014. “Handbook on the Economics of Prostitution.” In.
Oxford University Press.
———. 2017. “Prostitution Labor Supply and Education.”
Review of Economics of the Household 15 (4): 1055–80.
Cunningham, Scott, Jonathan A. Seward, Karen Clay, and Vivian S.
Vigliotti. 2024. “Adverse Impacts of Mental Health Needs
Assessment on Jail Outcomes.” Journal of Human Resources
59 (5).
Cunningham, Scott, and Manisha Shah. 2018. “Decriminalizing Indoor
Prostitution: Implications for Sexual Violence and Public
Health.” Review of Economic Studies 85 (3): 1683–1715.
Currie, Janet, Henrik Kleven, and Esmee Zwiers. 2020. “Technology
and Big Data Are Changing Economics: Mining Text to Track
Methods.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May): 42–48.
DeAngelo, Gregory, and Benjamin Hansen. 2014. “Life and Death in
the Fast Lane: Police Enforcement and Traffic Fatalities.”
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6 (2): 231–57.
Dehejia, Rajeev H. 2005. “Program Evaluation as a Decision
Problem.” Journal of Econometrics 125 (1-2): 141–73.
Dehejia, Rajeev H., and Sadek Wahba. 1999. “Causal Effects in
Nonexperimental Studies: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training
Programs.” Journal of the American Statistical
Association 94 (448): 1053–62.
———. 2002. “Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental
Causal Studies.” Review of Economics and Statistics 84
(1): 151–61.
Dias, Mateus, and Luiz Felipe Fontes. 2024. “The Effects of a
Large-Scale Mental Health Reform: Evidence from Brazil.”
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16 (3): 257–89.
Dobbie, Will, Jaconb Goldin, and Crystal S. Yang. 2018. “The
Effects of Pretrial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and
Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges.” American
Economic Review 108 (2): 201–40.
Dobkin, Carlos, and Nancy Nicosia. 2009. “The War on Drugs:
Methamphetamine, Public Health and Crime.” American Economic
Review 99 (1): 324–49.
Doudchenko, Niklay, and Guido W. Imbens. 2017. “Balancing,
Regression, Difference-in-Differences and Synthetic Control Methods: A
Synthesis.”
Drago, Francesco, Roberto Galbiati, and Pietro Vertova. 2009. “The
Deterence Effects of Prison: Evidence from a Natural Experiment.”
Journal of Political Economy 117 (2): 257–80.
Durrance, Christine Piette, and Melanie Guldi. 2015. “Maternal Bed
Rest and Infant Health.” American Journal of Health
Economics 1 (3).
Eckles, Dean, Brian Karrer, and Johan Ugander. 2017. “Design and
Analysis of Experiments in Networks: Reducing Bias from
Interference.” Journal of Causal Inference 5 (1).
Edwards, Finley. 2012. “Early to Rise? The Effect of Daily Start
Times on Academic Performance.” Economics of Education
Review 31 (6): 970–83.
Efron, Bradley. 1979. “Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the
Jackknife.” The Annals of Statistics 7 (1): 1–26.
Ferman, Bruno, and Cristine Pinto. 2021. “Synthetic Controls with
Imperfect Pretreatment Fit.” Quantitative Economics 12
(4): 1197–1221.
Ferman, Bruno, Cristine Pinto, and Vitor Possebom. 2020. “Cherry
Picking with Synthetic Controls.” Journal of Policy Analysis
and Management 39 (2): 510–32.
Filoso, Valerio. 2013. “Regression Anatomy, Revealed.”
The Stata Journal 13 (1): 92–106.
Finkelstein, Amy, Sarah Taubman, Bill Wright, Mira Bernstein, Jonathan
Gruber, Joseph P. Newhouse, Heidi Allen, and Katherine Baicker. 2012.
“The Oregon Health Insurance Experiment: Evidence from the First
Year.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 127 (3):
1057–1106.
Firpo, Sergio, and Vitor Possebom. 2018. “Synthetic Control
Method: Inference, Sensitivity Analysis and Confidence Sets.”
Journal of Causal Inference 6 (2).
Fisher, R. A. 1935. The Design of Experiments. Edinburgh:
Oliver; Boyd.
Fisher, Roland A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research
Workers. Oliver; Boyd, Edinburg.
Fraker, Thomas, and Rebecca Maynard. 1987. “The Adequacy of
Comparison Group Designs for Evaluations of Employment-Related
Programs.” Journal of Human Resources 22 (2): 194–227.
Frandsen, Brigham R., Lars J. Lefgren, and Emily C. Leslie. 2023.
“Judging Judge Fixed Effects.” American Economic
Review 113 (1): 253–77.
Freedman, David A. 1991. “Statistical Models and Shoe
Leather.” Sociological Methodology 21: 291–313.
Freeman, Richard B. 1980. “An Empirical Analysis of the Fixed
Coefficient ‘Manpower Requirement’ Mode, 1960-1970.”
Journal of Human Resources 15 (2): 176–99.
Frisch, Ragnar, and Frederick V. Waugh. 1933. “Partial Time
Regressions as Compared with Individuals Trends.”
Econometrica 1 (4): 387–401.
Gardner, John. 2021. “Two-Stage
Differences-in-Differences.”
Gaudet, Frederick J., George S. Harris, and Charles W. St. John. 1933.
“Individual Differences in the Sentencing Tendencies of
Judges.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 23 (5):
811–18.
Gawande, Atul. 2011. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things
Right. Metropolitan Books.
Gelman, Andrew, and Guido W. Imbens. 2019. “Why Higher-Order
Polynomials Should Not Be Used in Regression Discontinuity
Designs.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 37
(3): 447–56.
Gertler, Paul, Manisha Shah, and Stefano M. Bertozzi. 2005. “Risky
Business: The Market for Unprotected Commercial Sex.” Journal
of Political Economy 113 (3): 518–50.
Ghanem, Dalia, Pedro H. C. Sant’Anna, and Kaspar Wüthrich. 2024.
“Selection and Parallel Trends.”
Glennerster, Rachel, and Kudzai Takavarasha. 2014. Running
Randomized Evaluations: A Practical Guide. Princeton University
Press.
Goldberger, A. S. 1972. “Selection Bias in Evaluating Treatment
Effects: Some Formal Illustrations.”
Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul, Peter Hull, and Michal Kolesár. 2024.
“Contamination Bias in Linear Regressions.” American
Economic Review Forthcoming.
Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul, Isaac Sorkin, and Henry Swift. 2020.
“Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How.”
American Economic Review 110 (8): 2586–2624.
Goodman-Bacon, Andrew. 2021. “Difference-in-Differences with
Variation in Treatment Timing.” Journal of Econometrics
225 (2): 254–77.
Graddy, Kathryn. 2006. “The Fulton Fish Market.”
Journal of Economic Perspectives 20 (2): 207–20.
Gruber, Jonathan. 1994. “The Incidence of Mandated Maternity
Benefits.” American Economic Review 84 (3): 622–41.
Hahn, Jinyong, Petra Todd, and Wilbert van der Klaauw. 2001.
“Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a
Regression-Discontinuity Design.” Econometrica 69 (1):
201–9.
Hájek, J. 1971. “Comment on ‘an Essay on the Logical
Foundations of Survey Sampling, Part One’.” In. Holt,
Rinehart; Winston.
Hamermesh, Daniel S., and Jeff E. Biddle. 1994. “Beauty and the
Labor Market.” American Economic Review 84 (5): 1174–94.
Han, Sukjin. 2024. “Mining Causality: AI-Assisted Search for
Instrumental Variables.”
Hansen, Ben. 2015. “Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk
Driving.” American Economic Review 105 (4): 1581–1617.
Heckman, James. 1990. “Varieties of Selection Bias.”
American Economic Review 80 (2): 313–18.
Heckman, James J. 1979. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specificaiton
Error.” Econometrica 47 (1): 153–61.
Heckman, James J., Hidehiko Ichimura, and Petra E. Todd. 1997.
“Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from
Evaluating a Job Training Programme.” Review of Economic
Studies 64: 605–54.
Heckman, James J., and Richard Robb. 1985. “Alternative Methods
for Evaluating the Impact of Interventions: An Overview.”
Journal of Econometrics 30 (1-2): 239–67.
Heckman, James J., Sergio Urzua, and Edward Vytlacil. 2006.
“Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential
Heterogeneity.” The Review of Economics and Statistics
88 (3): 389–432.
Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2007. “Econometric
Evaluation of Social Programs, Part i: Causal Models, Structural Models
and Econometric Policy Evaluation.” In, 6B:4779–874. Elsevier.
Heckman, James, and Rodrigo Pinto. 2015. “Causal Analysis After
Haavelmo.” Econometric Theory 31 (1): 115–51.
Hirano, Keisuke, and Guido W. Imbens. 2001. “Estimation of Causal
Effects Using Propensity Score Weighting: An Application to Data on
Right Heart Catheterization.” Health Services and Outcomes
Research Methodology 2: 259–78.
Hirano, Keisuke, Guido W. Imbens, and Geer Ridder. 2003.
“Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the
Estimated Propensity Score.” Econometrica 71 (4):
1161–89.
Hoekstra, Mark. 2009. “The Effect of Attending the Flagship State
University on Earnings: A Discontinuity-Based Approach.”
Review of Economics and Statistics 91 (4): 717–24.
Holland, Paul. 1986. “Statistics and Causal Inference.”
Journal of the American Statistical Association 81 (396):
945–60.
Hong, Seung Hyun. 2013. “Measuring the Effect of Napster on
Recorded Music Sales: Difference-in-Differences Estimates Under
Compositional Changes.” Journal of Applied Econometrics
28 (2): 297–324.
Horvitz, D. G., and D. J. Thompson. 1952. “A Generalization of
Sampling Without Replacement from a Finite Universe.” Journal
of the American Statistical Association 47 (260): 663–85.
Hündermund, Paul, Jermain Kaminski, and Carla Schmitt. 2021.
“Causal Machine Learning and Business Decision Making.”
Hündermund, Paul, Beyers Louw, and Itamar Caspi. 2023. “Double
Machine Learning and Automated Model Selection: A Cautionary
Tale.” Journal of Causal Inference 11 (1).
Huntington-Klein, Nick. 2020. “Instruments with Heterogenous
Effects: Bias, Monotonicity, and Localness.” Journal of
Causal Inference 8 (1): 182–208.
Huntington-Klein, Nick, Andreu Arenas, Emily Beam, Marco Bertoni,
Jeffrey R. Bloem, Pralhad Burli, Naibin Chen, et al. 2021. “The
Influence of Hidden Researcher Decisions in Applied
Microeconomics.” Economic Inquiry 59 (3): 944–60.
Imbens, Guide W., and Donald B. Rubin. 2015. Causal Inference for
Statistics, Social and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. 1st
ed. Cambridge University Press.
Imbens, Guideo W., and Joshua D. Angrist. 1994. “Identification
and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects.”
Econometrica 62 (2): 467–75.
Imbens, Guido W. 2000. “The Role of the Propensity Score in
Estimating Dose-Response Functions.” Biometrika 87 (3):
706–10.
———. 2004. “Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects
Under Exogeneity: A Review.” Review of Economics and
Statistics 86 (1): 4–29.
———. 2014. “Instrumental Variables: An Econometrician’s
Perspective.” Statistical Science 29 (3): 323–58.
———. 2020. “Potential Outcome and Directed Acyclic Graph
Approaches to Causality: Relevance for Empirical Practice in
Economics.” Journal of Economic Literature 58 (4):
1129–79.
Imbens, Guido W., and Thomas Lemieux. 2008. “Regression
Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to Practice.” Journal of
Econometrics 142: 615–35.
Imbens, Guido W., and Jeffrey Wooldridge. 2009. “Recent
Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation.”
Journal of Economic Literature 47 (1): 5–86.
Imbens, Guido W., and Yiqing Xu. 2024. “LaLonde (1986) After
Nearly Four Decades: Lessons Learned.”
Jensen, Robert T., and Nolan H. Miller. 2008. “Giffen Behavior and
Subsistence Consumption.” American Economic Review 98
(4): 1553–77.
Jensen, Robert, and Rebecca Thornton. 2003. “Early Female Marriage
in the Developing World.” Gender and Development 11 (2):
9–19.
Johnson, Steven. 2007. The Ghost Map: The Story of London’s Most
Terrifying Epidemic – and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern
World. Riverhead Books.
Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar,
Straus; Giroux.
Kahneman, Daniel, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein. 2022. Noise:
A Flaw in Human Judgment. Little, Brown; Company.
Kahn-Lang, Ariella, and Kevin Lang. 2019. “The Promise and
Pitfalls of Differences-in-Differences: Reflections on 16 and Pregnant
and Other Applications.” Journal of Business and Economic
Statistics 38 (3): 1–14.
Keane, Michael, and Timothy Neal. 2022. “A Practical Guide to Weak
Instruments.”
Killingsworth, Mark, and James Heckman. 1987. “Handbook of Labor
Economics.” In. Elsevier.
King, Gary, and Richard Nielsen. 2019. “Why Propensity Scores
Should Not Be Used for Matching.” Political Analysis 27
(4).
King, Gary, and Langche Zeng. 2006. “The Dangers of Extreme
Counterfactuals.” Political Analysis 14 (2): 131–59.
Kitagawa, Evelyn. 1955. “Components of a Difference Between Two
Rates.” Journal of the American Statistical Association
50 (272): 1168–94.
Klaauw, Wilbert van der. 2002. “Estimating the Effect of Financial
Aid Offers on College Enrollment: A Regression-Discontinuity
Approach.” International Economic Review 43 (4):
1249–87.
Kleibergen, Frank, and Richard Paap. 2006. “Generalized Reduced
Rank Tests Using the Singular Value Decomposition.” Journal
of Econometrics 133 (1): 97–126.
Kling, Jeffrey R. 2006. “Incarceration Length, Employment, and
Earnings.” American Economic Review 96 (3): 863–76.
Kohavi, Ron, Diane Tang, and Ya Xu. 2020. Trustworthy Online
Controlled Experiments. Cambridge University Press.
Kolesar, Michal. 2013. “Estimation in an Instrumental Variables
Model with Treatment Effect Heterogeneity.”
Kolesár, Michal, and Christoph Rothe. 2018. “Inference in
Regression Discontinuity Designs with a Discrete Running
Variable.” American Economic Review 108 (8): 2277–2304.
Kremer, Michael, Edward Miguel, and Rebecca Thornton. 2009.
“Incentives to Learn.” Review of Economics and
Statistics 91 (3): 437–56.
Lal, Apoorva, Mackenzie William Lockhart, Yiqing Xu, and Ziwen Zu. 2023.
“How Much Should We Trust Instrumental Variable Estimates in
Political Science? Practical Advice Based on 67 Replicated
Studies.”
Lalonde, Robert. 1986. “Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of
Training Programs with Experimental Data.” American Economic
Review 76 (4): 604–20.
Lee, David S. 2008. “Randomized Experiments from Non-Random
Selection in u.s. House Elections.” Journal of
Econometrics 142: 675–97.
Lee, David S., and David Card. 2008. “Regression Discontinuity
Inference with Specification Error.” Journal of
Econometrics 142 (2): 655–74.
Lee, David S., and Thomas Lemieux. 2010. “Regresion Discontinuity
Designs in Economics.” Journal of Economic Literature
48: 281–355.
Lee, David S., and Justin McCrary. 2017. “The Deterrence Effect of
Prison: Dynamic Theory and Evidence.” Advances in
Econometrics 38: 73–146.
Lee, David S., Justin McCrary, Marcelo J. Moreira, and Jack Porter.
2022. “Valid t-Ratio Inference for IV.” American
Economic Review 112 (10): 3260–90.
Lee, David S., Enrico Moretti, and Matthew J. Butler. 2004. “Do
Voters Affect or Elect Policies: Evidence from the u.s. House.”
Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (3): 807–59.
Levine, Phillip B. 2004. Sex and Consequences: Abortion, Public
Policy, and the Economics of Fertility. 1st ed. Princeton
University Press.
Lewis, David. 1973. “Causation.” The Journal of
Philosophy 70 (17): 556–67.
Liebowitz, Stan J. 2006. “File-Sharing: Creative Destruction or
Just Plain Destruction?” Journal of Law and Economics 49
(1): 1–28.
Lin, Zhexiao, Peng Ding, and Fang Han. 2023. “Estimation Based on
Nearest Neighbor Matching: From Density Ratio to Average Treatment
Effect.” Econometrica 91 (6): 2187–217.
Liu, Wei, M. Alan Brookhart, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Xiaojuan Mi, and
Soko Setguchi. 2012. “Implications of m Bias in Epidemiologic
Studies: A Simulation Study.” American Journal of
Epidemiology 176 (10): 938–48.
Lott, John R., and David B. Mustard. 1997. “Crime, Deterrence and
the Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns.” Journal of Legal
Studies 26: 1–68.
Lovell, Michael C. 1963. “Seasonal Adjustment of Economic Time
Series and Multiple Regression Analysis.” Journal of the
American Statistical Association 58 (304): 991–1010.
MacKinnon, James G., and Matthew D. Webb. 2017. “Wild Bootstrap
Inference for Wildly Different Cluster Sizes.” Journal of
Applied Econometrics 32 (2): 233–54.
Manski, Charles F. 1993. “Identification of Endogenous Social
Effects: The Reflection Problem.” Review of Economic
Studies 60: 531–42.
Marx, Philip, Elie Tamer, and Xun Tang. 2024. “Parallel Trends and
Dynamic Choices.” Journal of Political Economy:
Microeconomics 2 (1): 129–71.
Matsueda, Ross L. 2012. “Handbook of Structural Equation
Modeling.” In. Guilford Press.
McCrary, Justin. 2008. “Manipulation of the Running Variable in
the Regression Discontinuity Design: A Design Test.” Journal
of Econometrics 142: 698–714.
Meer, Jonathan, and Jeremy West. 2016. “Effects of the Minimum
Wage on Employment Dynamics.” Journal of Human Resources
51 (2): 500–522.
Menkveld, Albert J., Anna Dreber, and et al. 2024. “Nonstandard
Errors.” Journal of Finance 79 (3): 2339–90.
Mesquita, Ethan Bueno de, and Anthony Fowler. 2021. Thinking Clearly
with Data: A Guide to Quantitative Reasoning and Analysis.
Princeton University Press.
Mill, John Stuart. 1843. A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and
Inductive. University Press of the Pacific.
Miller, Sarah, Norman Johnson, and Laura R. Wherry. 2021.
“Medicaid and Mortality: New Evidence from Linked Survey and
Administrative Data.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 136
(3): 1783–1829.
Millimet, Daniel L., and Rusty Tchernis. 2009. “On the
Specification of Propensity Scores, with Applications to the Analysis of
Trade Policies.” Journal of Business and Economic
Statistics 27 (3): 397–415.
Mogstad, Magne, and Alexander Torgovitsky. 2025. “Handbook of
Labor Economics.” In. Elsevier.
Morgan, Mary S. 1991. The History of Econometric Ideas.
Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, Stephen L., and Christopher Winship. 2014. Counterfactuals
and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research.
2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
Mou, Hongyu, Licheng Liu, and Yiqing Xu. 2023. “Panel Data
Visualization in r (panelView) and Stata (panelView).”
Journal of Statistical Software 107 (7): 1–20.
Mueller-Smith, Michael. 2015. “The Criminal and Labor Market
Impacts of Incarceration.”
Neal, Derek, and Armin Rick. 2016. “The Prison Boom and Sentencing
Policy.” Journal of Legal Studies 45 (1).
Nelson, Charles R., and Richard Startz. 1990. “Some Further
Results on the Exact Small Sample Properties of the Instrumental
Variables Estimator.” Econometrica 58 (4): 967–76.
Neyman, Jerzy. 1923. “On the Application of Probability Theory to
Agricultural Experiments. Essay on Principles.” Annals of
Agricultural Sciences, 1–51.
Oaxaca, Ron. 1973. “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor
Markets.” International Economic Review 14 (3): 693–709.
Oaxaca, Ronald L., and Eva Sierminska. 2023. “Oaxaca-Blinder Meets
Kitagawa: What Is the Link?”
Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Koleman Strumpf. 2007. “The Effect of
File Sharing on Record Sales: An Empirical Analysis.” Journal
of Political Economy 115 (2007): 1–42.
Olden, Andreas, and Jarle Møen. 2022. “The Triple Difference
Estimator.” The Econometrics Journal 25: 531–53.
Olea, Jose Luis Montiel, and Carolin Pflueger. 2013. “A Robust
Test for Weak Instruments.” Journal of Business and Economic
Statistics 31 (3): 358–69.
Pearl, Judea. 2009. Causality. 2nd ed. Cambridge University
Press.
Pearl, Judea, Madelyn Glymour, and Nicholas P. Jewell. 2016. Causal
Inference in Statistics: A Primer. Wiley.
Peri, Giovanni, and Vasil Yasenov. 2019. “The Labor Market Effects
of a Refugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets the Mariel
Boatlift.” Journal of Human Resources 54 (2): 267–309.
Perloff, Harvey S. 1957. “Interrelations of State Income and
Industrial Structure.” Review of Economics and
Statistics 39 (2): 162–71.
Piazza, Jo. 2009. “Megan Fox Voted Worst - but Sexiest - Actress
of 2009.” https://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/30/megan-fox-voted-worst-but-sexiest-actress-of-2009/.
Popper, Karl. 1959. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Basic
Books.
Porreca, Zachary. 2022. “Synthetic Difference-in-Differences
Estimation with Staggered Treatment Timing.” Economics
Letters 220 (110874).
Rambachan, Ashesh, and Jonathan Roth. 2023. “A More Credible
Approach to Parallel Trends.” Review of Economic Studies
90: 2555–91.
Rilke, Ranier Maria. 2012. Letters to a Young Poet. Merchant
Books.
Rob, Rafael, and Joel Waldfogel. 2006. “Piracy on the High c’s:
Music Downloading, Sales Displacement, and Social Welfare in a Sample of
College Students.” Journal of Law and Economics 49 (1):
29–62.
Robins, James. 1986. “A New Approach to Causal Inference in
Mortality Studients with a Sustained Exposure Period–Application to
Control of the Healthy Worker Survivor Effect.” Mathematical
Modelling 7: 1393–1512.
Robinson, Joan. 1933. The Economics of Imperfect Competition.
Macmillan.
Romer, David. 2006. “Do Firms Maximize? Evidence from Professional
Football.” Journal of Political Economy 114 (2): 340–65.
Rosen, Sherwin. 1986. “Handbook of Labor Economics.” In.
Vol. 1. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Rosenbaum, Paul R., and Donald B. Rubin. 1983. “The Central Role
of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal
Effects.” Biometrika 70 (1): 41–55.
Rossin, Maya. 2011. “The Effects of Maternity Leave on Children’s
Birth and Infant Health Outcomes in the United States.”
Journal of Health Economics 30 (2): 221–39.
Rossin-Slater, Maya, Christopher J. Ruhm, and Jane Waldfogel. 2013.
“The Effects of California’s Paid Family Leave Program on Mothers’
Leave-Taking and Subsequent Labor Market Outcomes.” Journal
of Policy Analysis and Management 32 (2): 224–45.
Roth, Alvin E., and Marilda A. Oliveira Sotomayor. 1990. Two-Sided
Matching: A Study in Game-Theoretic Modeling and Analysis.
Econometric Society Monographs. Cambridge University Press.
Roth, Jonathan. 2024. “Interpreting Event-Studies from Recent
Difference-in-Differences Methods.”
Roth, Jonathan, Pedrdo H. C. Sant’Anna, Alyssa Bilinski, and John Poe.
2023. “What’s Trending in Difference-in-Differences? A Synthetic
of the Recent Econometrics Literature.” Journal of
Econometrics 235 (2): 2218–44.
Roy, A. D. 1951. “Some Thoughts on the Distribution of
Earnings.” Oxford Economic Papers 3 (2): 135–46.
Rubin, Don. 1978. “Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role
of Randomization.” Annals of Statistics 6 (1): 34–58.
———. 1990. “Comment: Neyman (1923) and Causal Inference in
Experiments and Observational Studies.” Statistical
Science 5 (4): 472–80.
Rubin, Donald. 1974. “Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in
Randominzed and Nonrandomized Studies.” Journal of
Educational Psychology 66 (5): 688–701.
Rubin, Donald B. 1977. “Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis
of a Covariate.” Journal of Educational Statistics 2:
1–26.
———. 2007. “The Design Versus the Analysis of Observational
Studies for Causal Effects: Parallels with the Design of Randomized
Trials.” Statistics in Medicine 26 (1): 20–36.
———. 2008. “For Objective Causal Inference, Design Trumps
Analysis.” The Annals of Applied Statistics 2 (3):
808–40.
Sant’Anna, Pedrdo H. C., and Qi Xu. 2023.
“Difference-in-Differences with Compositional Changes.”
Sant’Anna, Pedro H. C., and Jun Zhao. 2020. “Doubly Robust
Difference-in-Differences Estimators.” Journal of
Econometrics 219: 101–22.
Segurança Pública, Fórum Brasileiro de. 2022. “Mapping of the
Violence in the Amazon Region: Final Report.” Brazil:
Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança
Pública.
Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp. 1861. The Etiology, Concept, and
Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever. Pest, Vienna, Leipzig: C. A.
Hartleben’s Verlags-Expedition.
Sharpe, Jamie. 2019. “Re-Evaluating the Impact of Immigration on
the US Rental Housing Market.” Journal of Urban
Economics 111 (C): 14–34.
Słoczyński, Tymon. 2015. “The Oaxaca-Blinder Unexplained Component
as a Treatment Effects Estimator.” Oxford Bulleting of
Economics and Statistics 77 (4): 588–604.
———. 2020. “Average Gaps and Oaxaca-Blinder Decompositions: A
Cautionary Tale about Regression Estimates of Racial Differences in
Labor Market Outcomes.” Industrial and Labor Relations
Review 73 (3): 705–29.
———. 2022. “Interpreting OLS Estimands When Treatment Effects Are
Heterogeneous: Smaller Groups Get Larger Weights.” Review of
Economics and Statistics 104 (3): 501–9.
Smith, Adam. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classics.
Smith, Jeffrey A., and Petra E. Todd. 2005. “Does Matching
Overcome LaLonde’s Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators?”
Journal of Econometrics 125 (1-2): 305–53.
Snow, John. 1855. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. 2nd
ed. John Churchill.
Solon, Gary, Steven J. Haider, and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge. 2015.
“What Are We Weighting For?” Journal of Human
Resources 50 (2): 301316.
Stevenson, Megan T. 2018. “Distortion of Justice: How the
Inability to Pay Bail Affects Case Outcomes.” The Journal of
Law, Economics and Organization 34 (4): 511–42.
Stigler, Stephen M. 1980. “Stigler’s Law of Eponymy.”
Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 39: 147–58.
Stock, James H., and Motohiro Yogo. 2005. “Testing for Weak
Instruments in Linear IV Regression.” In Identification and
Inference for Econometrics Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas
Rothenberg, edited by Donald W. K. Andrews and James H. Stock.
Cambridge University Press.
Sun, Liyang, and Sarah Abraham. 2021. “Estimating Dynamic
Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogenous Treatment
Effects.” Journal of Econometrics 225 (2): 175–99.
Thistlehwaite, Donald, and Donald Campbell. 1960.
“Regression-Discontinuity Analysis: An Alternative to the Ex-Post
Facto Experiment.” Journal of Educational Psychology 51:
309–17.
Thornton, Rebecca L. 2008. “The Demand for, and Impact of,
Learning HIV Status.” American Economic Review 98 (5):
1829–63.
Tversky, Amost, and Daniel Kahneman. 1974. “Judgment Under
Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.” Science 185 (4157):
1124–31.
Wald, Abraham. 1940. “The Fitting of Straight Lines If Both
Variables Are Subject to Error.” Annals of Mathematical
Statistics 11 (3): 284–300.
Waldfogel, Joel. 1995. “The Selection Hypotehsis and the
Relationship Between Trial and Plaintiff Victory.” Journal of
Political Economy 103 (2): 229–60.
Walker, Mark, and John Wooders. 2001. “Minimax Play at
Wimbledon.” American Economic Review 91 (5): 1521–38.
White Star Line. 1910. “Cutaway Diagram of White Star New Liners
Olympic and Titanic, Midships.” White Star Line Publicity
Material.
Wolpin, Kenneth I. 2013. The Limits of Inference Without
Theory. MIT Press.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey. 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and
Panel Data. 2nd ed. MIT Press.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2021. “Two-Way Fixed Effects, the Two-Way
Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators.”
Wright, Phillip G. 1928. The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable
Oils. The Macmillan Company.
Young, Alwyn. 2019. “Chanelling Fisher: Randomization Tests and
the Statistical Insignificance of Seemingly Significant Experimental
Results.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 134 (2):
557–98.
Zentner, Alejandro. 2006. “Measuring the Effect of File Sharing on
Music Purchases.” Journal of Law and Economics 49 (1):
63–90.